Best Law Firm In Kolkata

Civil litigation is a formal legal process used to resolve disputes between individuals, businesses, or institutions where criminal liability is not involved. In India, civil litigation remains the primary legal mechanism for enforcing private rights, recovering money, protecting property, and resolving contractual disputes. For individuals and small businesses, understanding how litigation works is essential before approaching a court or engaging a litigation law firm in India. This article explains civil litigation in India in practical terms, covering the legal framework, procedural steps, rights of parties, documentation requirements, and realistic timelines. What Is Civil Litigation in India Litigation refers to the process of resolving disputes through the judicial system. Civil litigation in India deals with non criminal matters, including disputes relating to property, contracts, recovery of dues, family matters, tenancy, and business obligations. Civil litigation is gove...

The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 was amended in 2000 to include electronic records as valid evidence in court. Section 65B is the key provision that governs how digital data, computer outputs, and electronic communications can be used during legal proceedings. It ensures that digital documents and electronic files are treated as “documents” under the law, provided they meet specific requirements. This helps courts rely on authentic digital evidence without the need for physical devices. As discussed in MCO Legals’ publication Admissibility of Electronic Records in Indian Evidence Act, 1872 , Section 65B lays down the foundation for admissibility of electronic evidence and protects the integrity of such data in litigation. Purpose, Benefits, and Application of Section 65B Purpose To provide legal recognition to electronic records. To prevent tampering or manipulation of digital evidence. To align evidence law with technological advances. To ensure fairness and reliability in di...